Biomedical Engineering - Bioengineering of Physiological Control Systems

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CHEMOREGULATIONContrasboth•OXIGENATION•CARBON-DIOXIDECONCENTRATION (C) z REGULA]/①N Importanttotakeintoaccountpaa@aaweaiganaai.n.caaanaaigpaaanamyEventwithartificialventilationitis.........µqmguaaqµµepµe "¥ ÷ @STABLE/VITALCONDITIONSMpeg BREATHINGBreathingistheprocessofmouimgairinandouttheLungstoperformthegasexchangebetweenthebodyandtheenvironmentthatallonstheco,Washout( 02--→Cellularrespiration--->Coa--→washout ) •ateachbreathnotthetotaldevantofco, [ ALUEOLARGas②presentiWitkinthebloodiswashedout,so:EXCHANGEyCO2(Vco,Q=Cardiacoutput(Lt/s]BLOODFLOWaCuco,=VCMOUSCO2concentrationQs(coSTATEVA R I A B L E:(only1su.→estordersystem)ma CÓ[email protected] the p ALVEOLARCO2←---PartialpressoreistheCONCENTRA-110N•acozPARTIALPRESSUREMeasureforGASEOUSFLUIDS>INPUT: VeLUNGVENTILATION thatisthesumbetweentue>OUTPUT:EffectiveDEADVOLUME,thatistheair"e=stateAW E O L A R+Volumethatdoesn'treadeALVEOLIVENTILATIONVariable(Staysinopening,trachea,bronchi.. )( Paco.)..whateffectivelyreacues Va = Ùe -V,AW E O UistheÙe-thedeadvolumethat"BYPASSES"lungsja>OtherVA R I A B L E S:Paco,istheENVIRONMENTCO,PartialPressoreÙcoaistheCO2inflowfrombloodexchangethatis ( Cuco,-Caco. ) .Q(mdes)✓LungistheEffectiveLungvolume(Lt)*CONVERSIONfromMOLEStoPARTIALPRESSOREismole→✗14=760mmHg%sointhebody@NORMALCONDITIONS:K=863mmHg=760mmHgTbadutToPLANInternalDYNAMICSsthedifferencebetweentheCoreconcentrationintheAIRthatreachesALVEOLIandtheCO2concentrationtheCoaWA S H OV Ioverseveralbreaths+µ* [ co,thatisblownoutwithexpiratiomisPOSITNELYaffectedbyafactors✓Lung-d¥"=ÙAPIG ,-ÙaPaco,dt>theCoaOVIFLOWfromCELLULARRESPIRA-110NHung.d(Paco.)da= (ÙE-ÙD)(Eco.-Paco. ) +863iQ(ciao,- Caca) IDENTIFICATIONoftheUARIABUESofinternet@STABLECONDITIONS:ConstantENVIRONMENTCONDITIONSPICO,1.CONSTANTBREATHINGPATTERNVDHungd # "2=Eco,ÙE-"¥Paco,+ÙEPaco,-MQCaco,-VDPico,+KQCuco,dtCONSTANTMETABOLICCONSUMPTIONQ,Cvco aLlNEARlZATlON@equilibriu mPaaoaltl--Pacoai-SPaco.lt )È-Ùelt)È.""'5)(1+45)Ùelt)+("¥+[c)dÙelt)+([cap)d'Ùelt)CONTINUOUSTIMEda=(Gc+Gp)Paco,(t-Tp c)+(Gczp+Gpzc)dPanoz(t-T")dtdtDISCRETETIMEÙE(n)+daÙE(n-1)+daÙE(n-2)=boPaco,(n-K)+bsPaco,(n-K-1)2POLES>arca)yln)=ÙE(n)1ZEROESsdu/dtMODELPARAMETRICSTRUCTUREmaARX(2,1)u(n)=Paco,(n)YESDELAY>K¥0✗(n)+daYCN-1)+azy(n-2)=bon(n-K)+bam(n-K-1)INPUTDELAY:K-TPCINPVI:Id.>1exinput