Biomedical Engineering - Technologies for Sensors and Clinical Instrumentation

Full exam

2022.6 Sensors Q1)2022.6 1 Sensors Q1) Q2) Q3) Q4) Clinical Instrumentation 1.a) Draw the model of the equivalent capacitor (Ch) and write the equation that describes the existing relationship between the capacitance Ch and the liquid level height 1.b) I) Plot the input-output characteristics (Ch vs h) II) Calculate the sensitivity S = dCh/dx III) Plot the sensitivity Make comments Q2) Strain gauge (G = 2.2, R0 = 200 ohm, E = 79 GPa) placed in cylinder (D = 10mm) submitted to 1000 kg (F = 9800 N) 2.a) Calculate the relative (x) and absolute ( change in resistance 2.b) Input (x) output (Vo) characteristic Δ R )2022.6 2 2.c) and 2.d) Q3)2022.6 3 Q4) 2022.6 4 Clinical Instrumentation Q1) In US, frequencies above: a) 20 Hz are used b) 20kHz are used c) 20PHz are used d) all above Q2) A sound source moving at v = 240 m/s towards a detector emits sound at constant frequency. The detector records a frequency of 5100 Hz. The speed of sound in air is 340 m/s. What is the wavelength emitted by source? a) 3.4 m2022.6 5 b) 0.23 m c) 0.04 m d) 0.58 m Q3) Consider a microscope with focal length equal to 2 cm and distance between objective and focal plane of 5 cm. What is the magnification of the objective? a) 0.4X b) 2.5X c) 5X d) 12.5X Q4) Histological information typically extracted in clinical practice provides a description of tumor structures that is exclusively: a) Approximate b) Macroscopic c) Punctual d) None of the above Q5) In a gamma camera a) Glass window diverges light towards photomultiplier to increase spatial resolution b) Glass window diverges light towards scintillator to increase spatial resolution c) light deflector → Photomultiplier Tube d) Light detector → Photomultiplier Tube Q6) A Photomultiplier Tube consists of 14 dynodes stages, each one with electron multiplication of 4. Assume total charge is collected at anode within 5 ns and signal is measured across a resistance of 50 ohm. What amplitude will be measured? a) 4.2*10^-10 V b) 0.42V c) 2.68V d) 5mV Q7) In electrophoresis:2022.6 6 Q8) Accelerating waveguide over linac machine: Q9) A spectrofluorimeter is composed of: Q10) In an MRI-guided radiotherapy workflow: a) 3D cine-MRI….. b) 2D cine-MRI…. c,d) Cine MRI…. Q11) In microscopy, aberration causes light to be spread out rather than be focused on a point, and specifically: a, b) spherical aberration …. c,d) chromatic aberration …. Q12) Ion imaging in radiation oncology has the potential of: Q13) When designing an in-room CBCT that prevents harm to the patient, the following is necessary: Q14) Scintillator for R-ray or PET system: Q15) To select a slice during MRI acquisition: Q16) Microscope with focal length 0.03 m. What is the magnification? a) 8.3X b) 8.3X if distance between objective and focal plane is 5 cm c) 312.5X d) 312.5X if distance between objective and focal plane is 5 cm Q17) In an ion-sensitive FET sensor, the voltage threshold changes as a function of: a) concentration of H2 b) …. Q18) Refraction occurs when US beam is bent from its original direction, and: Q19) The scattered coincidences in a PET system occurs when: Q20) The lateral resolution of US probe can be improved by: Q21) The equivalent dose is: Q22) Among fluorescent characteristics Q23) The magnetic field inhomogeneities of MRI scanner can be corrected by:2022.6 7 Q24) The propagation of acoustic waves occurs by Q25) The effective dose is: Q26) The energy resolution of a gamma camera depends on: Q27) The spatial resolution of a gamma camera is: Q28) In an electrolytic cell: Q29) Differently from conventional radiotherapy, particle therapy: Q30) In MRI-linac units, it may be preferred to have a low magnetic field (0.35T) than a high (1.5T) because:2022.6 8