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School of Industrial and Information Engineering Knowledge Engineering 2012–13 Test 4 – 23rd September 2013 Part II Family name Given name(s) ID 3 5 pt. Present the “Semantic Web stack”, describing the characteristics and the use of each language. Then, focus on the schema languages and compare their use scenarios, showing why we distinguish between “syntactic” and “semantic” schema languages. See slides for languages and RDFS/XSD comparison continue at page 4 if you need more space 4 7 pt. We want to define an ontology for an international cooking knowledge base. The ontology will be used to describe cooking culture s from different countries. Each country will specialize the common ontology to its own needs. The common (upper ontology) most represent the following scenario:  A meal (we can classify at least “lunch”, “dinner” and “breakfast”) is composed of one or more dishes. Each dish must have at least one ingredient and can have some preparations. Preparation types include frying, boiling and toasting. A dish with no preparation is a cold dish. Ingredients can belong to different classes, including meet, fish, vegetables and prepared ingredients (like pasta, and flour). Then we want to specialize our ontology at the European level:  An European breakfast can be continental breakfast or Mediterranean breakfast. The first contains only salt dishes (that are dishes with no sweet ingredient) and some juice, while Mediterranean breakfast is composed only by one sweet dish (that includes some sweet ingredient) and one drink prepared with a caffeine ingredient.  An European lunch can consist of a single dish, that must contain both vegetables and meet and must be cooked (must have one preparation), but not fried. Finally an Italian lunch (that is an European lunch)…