CPEV 2021 03 10

Pagina 1

Fuels from fossil and renewable sources Basic concepts (score: max 6 points): 1) A sketch of crude oil fractionation and refinery products Thermodynamics (score: max 10 points): 2) What is and the Francis Diagram? Which information does it provide (based on the examples where we have used it)? An interesting application is related to Methane Steam Reforming, where the reactor design is such that the operating curve of the reacting system is thermodynamically and kinetically safe from C deposition. Further: how would you expect that C deposition is affected by operating conditions (T, P, H2O/CH4 feed ratio, C2+ hydrocarbons content in NG)? Comprehensive knowledge (score: max 10 points) 3) The S-cycle of the refinery (when citing a process, please detail reactions, thermodynamic and kinetic factors, reactor design and plant configurations). In depth knowledge (score max 4 points): 4) Illustrate the strategies for the upgrade of heavy oils. How does this knowledge help in the future of biorefineries?