First part of the course

Pagina 1

A.Y. 2021/2021 Curri Davide Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Energy Systems Lecture Notes Contents 1 Thermodynamic Properties of Gases 2 1.1 Ideal gas model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1.2 Perfect gas model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Real gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2 Internal energy and Mass balance equations 6 2.1 Mass balance equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.1 Mass balance equation for open control volumes under steady state flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.1.2 Mass balance equation for average flow under steady state condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2.2 Balance equations of atomic species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2.2.1 Relation between atomic flow rates and molecular flow rates . 11 2.2.2 Example — Combustion of ethanol in steady-flow reactor . . . 12 2.3 Energy balance equation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 Law of conservation of energy (1st principle of thermodynamics) 14 2.4 Energy balance equation for closed systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.5 Energy balance equation for open systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.6 Energy balance equation for open systems without chemical reactions 17 2.7 Energy balance equation with chemical reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.8 Chemical energy of molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.8.1 Determining the chemical energy of molecules . . . . . . . . . 19 2.9 Energy balance equation for a chemical reactor (general case) . . . . 21 2.10 Possible types of mixtures and their thermal enthalpy h . . . . . . . . 23 2.10.1…