Synthetic program:
L'obiettivo del corso è fornire agli studenti la conoscenza degli elementi fondamentali della conversione dell'energia elettrica prodotta da impianti basati su fonti rinnovabili, nonché la connessione di tali impianti alla rete elettrica. Il corso presenta i metodi di analisi, di modellizzazione e di dimensionamento dei convertitori elettronici di potenza e delle macchine elettriche tipicamente utilizzate in applicazioni fotovoltaiche ed eoliche. La prima parte del corso insegna i principi della conversione statica dell'energia elettrica ed i principi di funzionamento dei convertitori elettronici AC/DC, DC/DC e DC/AC. Vengono introdotte le tematiche del controllo dei convertitori di potenza e del dimensionamento dei sistemi di raffreddamento dei semiconduttori di potenza. La seconda parte del corso insegna i principi di funzionamento delle macchine elettriche, sia statiche che rotanti. Vengono analizzate le macchine asincrone, le macchine sincrone e le macchine sincrone a magneti permanenti dal punto di vista del loro impiego come generatori nei sistemi di generazione eolici. Il corso introduce l'architettura degli impianti di produzione di energia elettrica da fonti rinnovabili, nonché i limiti e i vincoli per la loro connessione alla rete elettrica.
Part I - Power Electronics and Static Converters
Introduction to power electronics for the electricity static conversion. General overview of switching power converters, power balance. Line commutated and self-commutated switches. Ideal switches and practical switches, conduction and commutation losses. Overview of power semiconductor switches. Diode, thyrisitor (SCR), gate-turn-off thyristor (GTO), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), new power switches technologies. Steady state and dynamic thermal models for power semiconductor switches; cooling and heat-sinks. Selection criteria for power switches and verification of the thermal design. Switching converters. The basic switching cell (chopper). Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). Analog and digital PWM generators. DC/DC converters. step-down converter (buck), step-up converter (boost), buck-boost converter. Single-quadrant, two-quadrant and four quadrant chopper. Calculation of losses and efficiency. Current control in voltage-source converters: open-loop, feedback and hysteresis regulators. DC/AC converters. Single-phase inverter and three-phase inverter. Two-level voltage source inverter: power stage. DC bus sizing criteria. Inverter-Control Techniques. Auxiliary circuits. Calculation of losses and efficiency. Grid interface. Control, Operating limits and constraints.
Part II - Electrical Machines
Introduction. Definition of the main physical parameters for the study of electrical machines. Transformer. Isolation transformer and high frequency transformer. Example of application in PV fields. Introduction to electrical rotating machines. The elementary electrical machine. Reversibility. Electromagnetic force and electromagnetic torque. The rotating magnetic field. The Galileo Ferraris theorem. Asynchronous machines. Working principle of induction machine. Squirrel cage and wound rotor. Speed-torque characteristics calculation: no-load and load condition. Asynchronous motor and asynchronous generator. Fields of application. Example: the doubly-fed induction generator as a solution for variable speed wind turbines. Synchronous machine. Working principle of synchronous machine. No load and load condition. Operating characteristics of synchronous machine: power-angle characteristic. Fields of application. Brushless and Permanent Magnets Synchronous Machine. Equivalent circuits of permanent magnets synchronous machines and speed-torque curve calculation. Example: permanent magnet synchronous generator as a wind power generator.
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