Building Services and Building Services Energy Modelling

Synthetic program:

Thermodynamics and heat transfer issues related to buildings and HVAC. Climate change introduction and its impact on building and building services design. Regulatory framework for the integrated system building-HVAC at national and European level. Actual and future solutions for high energy efficiency building Renewable energy sources. Calculation of the renewable fraction and analysis of the performance of systems using renewable sources such as electric and thermal driven heat pumps (e.g. vapour compression and absorption heat pumps). Introduction on thermal energy generation. The integrated (holistic) design of the complex building-HVAC systems. The importance of controlled mechanical ventilation. Technological networks Introduction of flow of incompressible fluids. Calculation of distributed and localized pressure losses: use of graphical and numerical methods. Design criteria for water and air distribution networks. Heat exchangers Typologies, sizing method (LMTD and epsilon-NTU), the overall heat transfer coefficient, condensers and evaporators. Calculation method for dehumidifying batteries. Solar thermal and PV systems Solar energy fundamentals. General introduction on solar thermal and PV systems. Functional typologies, system diagrams, features, design concepts. Flat solar thermal collector: typologies, characteristics, product certification standards and performance characteristics, determination of flat plate collector performance equation, yield as function of input temperature and average of the thermal fluid. Thermal storages: typologies and characteristics, criteria for sizing and calculation of performance. Other components of the system: fluids, valves, expansion vessel. Methods for sizing the expansion vessel on the primary of a solar thermal system. Methods for dimensioning active solar collector systems. Heating systems Design of a heating system. Components for heating systems: circulation pumps, control valves circuits, chimneys, expansion vessels. Thermal energy generators: electric and gas heat pumps, boilers. Gas boilers for centralized plants: constant, sliding and condensing temperature. Emission terminals. Winter / summer air conditioning systems Design of air-conditioning system. Refrigeration cycles. Psychrometric properties and processes. Types of air based systems: all-air systems and mixed systems, with constant flow and variable temperature, variable flow and constant temperature. Components of ventilation systems: emission and extraction systems. Air Handling Units (AHU): description and components (grids, dampers, humidifiers, coils, recuperators). The fans. Other plant components: terminals, pumps, control valves, and control, chillers, absorption machines, cooling towers air distribution systems. Open cooling cycles. Numerical modelling and simulation of most of the systems listed before. Cost-benefit analysis.