List of questions and related exam answers

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1 Domanda 1 (2 punti) Cosa si intende per fase di “identificazione” nel PCM e quali sono le principali analisi che si devono condurre in questa fase. Breve descrittivo per ciascuna. Identification is the second step of Project Cycle Management (Programmig, identification, formulation, financing, implementation, evaluation). It is the part where the problem is identified and analyzed , along with solutions and stakeholders. The four parts that needs to be done in the Identification step are  Stakeholder analysis: an identification and characterization of the target of the project, direct and indirect beneficiaries, third parties involved (pro and against it). A SWOT analysis of each stakeholder can be done to understand the power of each one in the project, and a stakeholder matrix is needed to visualize it. Then, a strategy for the coomunication and relationship with each stakeholder must be set up, based on the previous analysis (keep informed? Consultant? Active participation in decisions?)  Problem analysis: a clear and logical identification of the problems which affect the target, whom the project is thought for. First, problems must be identified, with the help of principal stakeholders if possible (participatory approach) . Then, each problem is inserted in the problem tree, and linked to all the other problems with a cause-effect hierarchy. The root of the tree happens to be the causes, the branches are the effects, the trunk is the focal problem to be (in part) solved.  Objective analysis: once the problems are organized hierarchically, objective can be found just turning each problem sentence in a solution for that problem. The tree is kept with the same cause -effect links, and causes become results, the focal problem becomes the purpose and the effects…