Exam EC4D 17072023 testosoluzioni to be published

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Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Energia Author E. Colombo Pag.1 of 5 Date 18/07/2023 Engineering and Cooperation for Development Exam – July 17th, 2023 Surname and Name Codice persona/Personal code Question 1 (4 points) When dealing with the assessment of AID criticism three main elements make it difficult to evaluate the impact of AID effectiveness. Can you briefly explain them and make for each of them some examples? Take profit also from your Project Work experience. Data Issue: Few Data, Data are only proxy and not accurate measure Attributional problem: causal relationship identification Counterfactual Problem: what happened if not? What is the additional benefit aid has brought? Topic 1 Slide package c-Aid criticism and PW Question 2 (4 points) Describe what are the challenges associated with access to clean cooking in developing countries, providing numbers (focus on the order of magnitude). Then, answer the following questions: - What are the three main areas of impact related to the traditional usage of biomass? - Why should improved cookstoves (ICS) be considered a short - or medium-term solution towards a clean cooking transition? Refer to the limits of ICS on-field use compared to laboratory tests. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), around 2.8 billion people in the world were without access to clean cooking facilities as of 2020. Out of this number, approximately 2.4 billion people rely on traditional biomass for their cooking needs. Traditional biomass primarily includes the use of firewood, charcoal, agricultural residue s, and dung for cooking purposes. This reliance on traditional biomass exposes individuals and communities to numerous challenges and risks. Three areas of impact: health, environment, society. Health à indoor air…