Exam EC4D 26062023 soluzioni

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Politecnico di Milano Dipartimento di Energia Author E. Colombo Pag.1 of 6 Date 28/06/2023 Engineering and Cooperation for Development Exam – June 26th, 2023 Surname and Name Codice persona/Personal code Question 1 (4 points) Introduce and explain the different paradigm of development and how the concepts evolved after the second world war. Briefly comment on them based on the history of cooperation and/or the evolution of the development models that you have introduced. Then, link them to the three main paradoxes associated with the paradigm of development associated with the economic factor. Paradigms of development: - “Financial push paradigm”  the economy of growth, between ‘50s and ‘60s - “Socio-economic paradigm”  once the differences in growth were evident and data were available the theory of basic needs reversed the order of priorities: a strong push was provided by Aid funds and capital was moved to social services and basic goods. - “Free market paradigm”  the previous paradigm brought to huge debt crises in many African countries . The free market is believed to be able to efficiently allocate resources and set the right prices and procedures. Structural adjustments were undertaken to facilitate the liberalization of developing markets. - “Human and sustainable development” (‘90s onwards)  The aid crises bring to a new governance paradigm: development is effective only if locally and sustainably governed. The three main paradoxes associated with the “economic factor” - oriented approach of Western development are: 1) Inequalities  the purpose of economic development was the growth of global wealth, which, however, led to an increase in economic inequality. 2) Resources  Poverty is still present and related to the misallocation of resources. 3)…