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Energy Accounting and Impact Assessment Methods Academic Year 2022-2023 - Exam 2 – 15-02-2023 Question A (3 points) Define the main paradigms for quantifying environmental transactions, discussing advantages and drawbacks. Question B (4 points) Define Life Cycle Assessment, including its concept and purposes, its phases, and the methods to perform Life Cycle Inventory. Problem A (8 points) Let us consider a system operating in a generic time frame, composed by two technologies: - Paper production, which supplies 100 kg of paper product as final demand product by consuming 500 kWh of primary energy (environmental transaction); - Waste management, which supplies 70 € of waste management service as final demand and delivers recycled paper as by product. Assuming paper and recycled paper as perfectly substitutable (i.e. one unique product), it is requested to: 1. Define the Reference Production System (RPS) and the Supply and Use Table (SUT ) and calculate the total demand by product and total activity by technology. (2 pt) 2. Calculate market share and product mix matrices, properly defining the unit of measures and commenting on the meaning of their values. (2 pt) 3. Calculate the primary energy embodied in the products of the system based on either Industry based and Product based assumptions. Which assumption do you think is more adequate to properly account for the energy embodied in the products of the system? Justify your claims. (2 pt) 4. Considering Product-based technology assumption, calculate the amount of services that need to be produced in order to offset the primary energy demand required to deliver 1 kg of paper. (2pt) Problem B (10 points) The 2011 input-output table of the world economy in hybrid units is provided in the “Problem B” tab of the Excel…