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Appunti completi del corso Appl biotecnologiche Prof C

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POLITECNICO DI MILANO Master’s Degree in Biomedical Engineering ABB 2022/2023 – II semester Professor Candiani Applicazioni biotecnologiche Appunti Index 1 Biotecnologie 6 1.1 Cell compartmentalization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.1 Definizione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.1.2 OECD (global development organisation) (2005) . . . . . 6 1.1.3 Bioreattori . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1.4 Ordini di grandezza . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.2 Macroaree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.3 Eucarioti e procarioti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3.1 Di fferenze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.2 Caratteristiche in comune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.3.3 Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4 Procarioti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.4.1 Caratteristiche distintive dei procarioti: . . . . . . . . . . 12 1.4.2 Crescita cellulare – procariote . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 1.4.3 Stima della crescita batterica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2 Introduzione agli acidi nucleici 18 2.1 Dogma centrale della biologia molecolare . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2 Replicazione del SARS-CoV-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.3 DNA e RNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.3.1 Basi azotate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4 Polimerizzazione di una catena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.5 DNA a livello strutturale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 2.6 DNA a livello funzionale - Il genoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.6.1 Sequenze non codificanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .…

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