Completed notes of the course

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POLITECNICO DI MILANO Scuola di Ingegneria industriale e dell’informazione Corso di Laurea in Ingegneria Biomedica Advanced modeling aproaches for cardiovascular surgery - experimental part Docente del corso: Prof. Fiore ANNO ACCADEMICO 2020/2021 INTRODUCTION We will analyse the ability of our labs to test medical device in the biomedical field. We will see the experimental modelling in labs to mimic what happens in a specific scenario that has something to share with surgery. Surgery is in a very wide range: not only surgeon s but also doctors that , in the last 20 years, do interventions that does not imply open ing the chest in a non invasive way by transcatheter technique. Before inventing the mechanical heart valve, surgeons could only do plastic surgery, everything was depending on their capability. After new devices especially for valvular application went to market, everything went to a standardized approach: the way you open the heart and you insert the valve is known, we have very clear indications by manifacturer about the way you have to put it. Nowadays many applications don’t use surgery anymore, you put a big catheter in the vessels, you reach the place where you put the valve and you remove the catheter and the valve start working. The TAVI valve is placed in the he art without suture, the other one is just to put together two structures. The interventional cardiologists have to do this only by looking what they are doing through x rays in 2D. There’s a learning curve that is more difficult than with standard mechanic al valve, and there’s a problem of the interaction with the heart: even in the normal positioning you have a big interaction with the structures of the heart, whereas most of the devices are supposed to have the lowest contact with heart.…