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17 09 02s

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17 Settembre 2002 - recupero prima prova Esercizio 1 1.a Matrice dinamica del sistema: A = [−4 2 −2 0 ] Autovalori: det(λI − A) = det [λ + 4 −2 2 λ ] = λ2 + 4λ + 4 = 0 λ1,2 = −2 ⇒ sistema asintoticamente stabile. 1.b Supponendo di partire da condizioni iniziali nulle, la f.d. t. da u ad y ` e G(s) = Y (s) U (s) = C(sI − A)−1B + D. Nel nostro caso, A = [−4 2 −2 0 ] , B = [0 2 ] , C = [ 1 −1 ] , D = 0, perci` o G(s) = 1 s2+4s+4 [ 1 −1 ][ s 2 −2 s + 4 ] [0 2 ] = 1 s2+4s+4 [ 1 −1 ][ 4 2s + 8 ] = = −2s−4 s2+4s+4 = −2 s+2 (semplificando la coppia polo-zero stabili). Oppure, equivalentemente:    sX1 = −4X1 + 2X2 sX2 = −2X1 + 2U Y = X1 − X2 da cui    (s + 4)X1 = − 4 s X1 + 4 s U X2 = − 2 s X1 + 2 s U Y = X1 − X2    X1 = 4 s2+4s+4 U X2 = 2s+8 s2+4s+4 U Y = −2s−4 s2+4s+4 U = −2 s+2 U ossia proprio G(s) = Y (s) U (s) = −2 s+2 . Esercizio 2 2.a Y (s) = G1(s)U (s) = s+2 (s+3)(s+4) 2 s . 2.b Y (s) si pu` o sviluppare secondo Heavyside in questo modo: Y (s) = 2s+4 s(s+3)(s+4) = a s + b s+3 + c s+4 a(s2 + 7s + 12) + b(s2 + 4s) + c(s2 + 3s) = 2 s + 4    a + b + c = 0 7a + 4b + 3c = 2 12a = 4    a = 1 3 b + c = − 1 3 4b + 3c = − 1 3    a = 1 3 b = 2 3 c = −1 da cui, antitrasformando secondo Laplace, y(t) = ( 1 3 + 2 3 e−3t − e−4t) sca(t). Esercizio 3 3.a u(t) = 4 sin(3t) ⇒ ω = 3 G(j3) = 0 ⇒ y(t) = 0 a regime. 3.b Poli di G(s): p1,2 = −1 ± √ 1 − 10 = −1 ± j3 p3 = −1 Tutti sono a parte reale negativa, perci` o il sistema ` e asintoti camente stabile e si pu` o applicare il teorema del valore finale. y(0) = lim s→∞ sG(s) 3 s = lim s→∞ s s2+9 (s2+2s+10)(s+1) 3 s = 0 ˙y(0) = lim s→∞ s2G(s) 3 s = lim s→∞ s2 s2+9 (s2+2s+10)(s+1) 3 s = 3 Step Response Time (sec) Amplitude 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 y∞ = lim s→0 sG(s) 3 s = 3G(0) = 3·9 10 = 2.7 Nella figura: in ascissa t…

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