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Solution of the Laplace equation with the method of variable separation

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Equazione di Laplace 1 Operatore di Laplace in coordinate polari (in R2) Èu t i l e ,q u a n d os ih au nd o m i n i oas i m m e t r i ar a d i a l e ,s c r i v e r e u in coordinate polari. Passaggio in coordinate polari: ( x (⇢, ✓)= ⇢ cos (✓) ⇢ 2 (0, +1 ) y (⇢, ✓)= ⇢ sin (✓) ✓ 2 [ ⇡, ⇡) posto v (⇢, ✓)= u (⇢ cos (✓) ,⇢ sin (✓)) ,d o v e : ⇢ = p x2 + y2 ; ✓ = 8 >< >: arctan y x IeI V quadrante arctan y x + ⇡I I e I V quadrante ux = @u @x = @v @⇢ @⇢ @x + @v @✓ @✓ @x uy = @u @y = @v @⇢ @⇢ @y + @v @✓ @✓ @y @⇢ @x = xp x2 + y2 = cos ✓ @⇢ @✓ =s i n✓ @✓ @x = y x2 1+ y2 x2 = y x2 + y2 = sin ✓ ⇢ @✓ @y = 1 x 1+ y2 x2 = x x2 + y2 = cos ✓ ⇢ v = vxx + vyy Calcoliamo ora uxx: ux = v⇢ cos ✓ v✓ sin ✓ ⇢ uxx = @vx @⇢ @⇢ @x + @ux @✓ @✓ @x @vx @⇢ = v⇢⇢ cos ✓ v⇢✓ sin ✓ ⇢ + v✓ sin ✓ ⇢2 @vx @✓ = v⇢✓ cos ✓ v⇢ sin ✓ v✓✓ sin ✓ ⇢ u✓ cos ✓ ⇢ 2 quindi: uxx = v⇢⇢ cos2 ✓ 2v⇢✓ sin ✓ cos ✓ ⇢ + v⇢ sin2 ✓ ⇢ + v✓✓ sin2 ✓ ⇢2 +2 v✓ sin ✓ cos ✓ ⇢2 Calcoliamo ora uyy : uy = v⇢ sin ✓ + v✓ cos ✓ ⇢ uyy = @vy @⇢ @⇢ @y + @vy @✓ @✓ @y @vy @⇢ = v⇢⇢ sin ✓ v✓ cos ✓ ⇢2 + v⇢✓ cos ✓ ⇢ @vy @✓ = v⇢✓ sin ✓ + v⇢ cos ✓ + v✓✓ cos ✓ ⇢ v✓ sin ✓ ⇢ quindi: uyy = v⇢⇢ sin2 ✓ +2 v⇢✓ sin ✓ cos ✓ ⇢ + v⇢ cos2 ✓ ⇢ + v✓✓ cos2 ✓ ⇢2 2v✓ sin ✓ cos ✓ ⇢2 Quindi risulta essere: uxx + uyy = v⇢⇢ + 1 ⇢v⇢ + 1 ⇢2 v✓✓ Da ora in avanti scriveremo u (⇢, ✓) per indicare la v (⇢, ✓). Metodo di separazione delle variabili Prendiamo per esempio il problema di Dirichlet sul cerchio di raggio R ec e n t r a t o in (0, 0). Il sistema: ( u (x, y)=0 ( x, y) 2 BR (0) = (x, y) |x2 + y2 <R 2 u (x, y)= f (x, y)( x, y) 2 @BR (0) = (x, y) |x2 + y2 = R2 3 posto u (⇢, ✓)= u (⇢ cos (✓) ,⇢ sin (✓)) ,s ih a : u (⇢, ✓)= uxx (⇢ cos (✓) ,⇢ sin (✓))+uyy (⇢ cos (✓) ,⇢ sin (✓)) = u⇢⇢ (⇢, ✓)+ 1 ⇢u⇢ (⇢, ✓)+ 1 ⇢2 u✓✓ (⇢, ✓) per tanto l’equazione ( uxx + uyy =0 BR (0) u = f@ B R…

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