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Matematica Discreta basato sull’omonimo corso tenuto dai proff. Roberto Dvornicich e Giovanni Gaiffi Anno Accademico 2014/15 - II semestre Oscar Papini ii Indice Simboli e notazioni utilizzati v Introduzione vii 1 Funzioni generatrici 1 1.1 Primi esempi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.1.1 I numeri di Fibonacci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.1.2 Partizioni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.1.3 Parentesi di Catalan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.2 Serie formali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1.3 Proprietà delle funzioni generatrici ordinarie . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 1.3.1 Somme parziali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1.3.2 Fontana di monete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 1.4 Proprietà delle funzioni generatrici esponenziali . . . . . . . . . . . 21 1.4.1 Numeri di Bell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 1.4.2 Permutazioni senza punti fissi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 1.5 Serie di Dirichlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 1.6 Carte, mani e mazzi (versione etichettata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1.6.1 Sottoclassi di permutazioni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 1.6.2 Esempi sui grafi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1.7 Carte, mani e mazzi (versione non etichettata) . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.7.1 Partizioni di interi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 1.7.2 Problema di Frobenius . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 1.8 Funzioni simmetriche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 2 Poset 63 2.1 Prime definizioni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .…

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